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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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ILLUSION
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00403_Text_res20t.txt
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1996-12-31
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Just as size constancy
depends upon taking into
account sensory information
about distance, constancy here
would seem to be based upon
taking into account
information about body
orientation. For example, if
observers are tilted 30 degrees
clockwise, they will perceive
the rod to be vertical only if its
image is tilted 30 degrees
counterclockwise from the
vertical meridian on the
retina. The perceptual system
takes body orientation into
account in inferring the
environmental orientation of
objects from their retinal-
image orientations. The same
inference process undoubtedly
underlies perception in the
revolving-room experiment. As
a result of the centrifugal
force, the observer feels tilted
and thus perceives the true
vertical orientation as tilted
and a tilted orientation as
vertical.
The direction of gravity is
detected by the sensory system
in various ways. The pressure
on the feet, or on whatever
parts of the body take its
weight, is a cue. Muscular
reactions to maintain balance
may also provide cues. But the
major source of information
about gravity derives from
sensory mechanisms inside the
inner ear, in the so-called
vestibular apparatus. Hair cells
in two structures of the inner
ear, the utricle and saccule,
are embedded in a gelatinous
substance. These hair cells
bend with the pull of gravity,
causing nerve fibers attached
to them to discharge, the rate of
discharge being a function of
the degree to which the head is
tilted. We are completely
unaware of this source of
information because no
conscious sensations emanate
from this part of the inner ear.